Norwegian Idiberug (Svingerud) Runestone Translation - 100 CE

(June 13, 2023) The whole Idiberug stone. This runestone was found in the autumn of 2021 when archaeologists from the Museum of Cultural History in Norway were investigating a graveyard near Tyrifjorden in Ringerike region of Norway. This was found in one of the graves. Burnt bones and charcoal from the grave reveal that the runes were inscribed between the years 1 and 250 AD. This makes it the earliest known runestone.

The main text is on the bottom left with fainter not quite readable text over the rest of the stone. Photo from the Historical Museum at the University of Oslo in Norway at https://www.historiskmuseum.no/english/exhibitions/worlds-oldest-rune-stone/

(June 13, 2023) This stone has faint texts on the right in blue in which many seem to have been crossed out. These blue texts are written in the opposite direction in the new Greek style of left to right writing instead of being written in the older traditional right to left direction.

This text seems to be the earliest Nordic runestone yet found and it is dated to between 1 and 250 CE based upon carbon 14 dating of adjacent items. This stone's letter style is almost identical to that found in Alpine Celtic which dates earlier to between 500 and 300 BCE. However, Alpine Celtic dates are not grounded in carbon 14 dating like this example but are assigned that date because the Roman conquest was assumed to have eliminated their culture. Photo from Wikimedia commons. Letter assignments by Olmsted