Linguistic Evidence for Akkadian Speaking Neolithic Farmer Spread

(September 27, 2023, Updated April 7, 2025) Many English words come from Akkadian as does the grammatical structures of "ongoing" or "continuous" tense and the  "do support" (Akkadian Y letter start) sentence constructions. (For a description of the problem see the section entitled "Supposed Celtic Syntax in English" at  https://www.arrantpedantry.com/2014/12/01/celtic-and-the-history-of-the-english-language/

The earliest English words came from both Latin and Old Norse/German. Latin speakers acquired their Akkadian words from their northern Akkadian speaking neighbors, the Etruscans. Many Old Norse words also derive from Etruscan whose writing spread north and ended up as the northern style runes. This writing only ceased around by 500 CE. Significantly, Akkadian has never been considered as a word source in European etymological studies until now because no one imagined such a connection existed.  These Akkadian source words  include:

Astrological Power Words From Akkadian

1. Bad: Akkadian bādu meaning “evening.” In Akkadian this word is also an epithet for the night time astrological powers of fate which usually bring “bad” events. It has no apparent relatives in other languages outside of English and appears in English as soon as English started being written during the 1200s.

2. Celestial: Akkadian šalu, šelû, sala’u  representing the celestial light powers of goddess "Selu/Selene." Celestial light was like the glow of a coal having warmth and glow without the flame of a fire. It was the light of the heavenly bodies in the night sky and of the inner spark of life. Via Old French celestial (celestial, heavenly, sky-blue), from Latin caelestis (heavenly, pertaining to the sky), and caelum (heaven, sky; abode of the gods) which is of uncertain origin. The Latin word is the source of the usual word for "sky" in most of the Romance languages, such as French ciel, Spanish cielo, Italian cielo, Portuguese céu. It is the source of ceiling in English as well.

3. Dipper, Big Dipper [Akkadian dappu, dippu]  meaning “dip” or “dipper” as a ladle to get at a cistern of water.  This includes getting at the divine cistern as the source of fertility fluids from god Alu. This Alu connection makes it the source of the constellation “Big Dipper.” Comes to modern English via Old English dyppan "to plunge or immerse temporarily in water, to baptize by immersion," Old Norse deypa "to dip," Old Frisian depa, Dutch dopen, German taufen, Gothic daupjan "to baptize") 

4. Horoscope: Akkadian ḫarû means "liver" as one of the motion change power sources. These sources were the astrological night sky and inner emotions (liver). This is reflected in Latin horoscopum/horoscopus and Greek hōroskopos meaning "night-sky.vision-diviner" and Haruspicy meaning "liver.aroma-diviner."

5. Juniper: Akkadian phrase Inu.Paru via Latin word for juniper: iuniperus. In Akkadian it means "Moon-Eye's sweat" where "moon-Eye" is an epithet for the full moon god Su who was the source of astrological motion powers, that is, all motion powers not generated by emotions. 

6. Muse: Akkadian mušu meaning "night powers" is the source of the English word "muse" via Old French "muser" from the 1100's CE meaning "to ponder, dream, wonder; loiter, waste time."

7. Query, Inquire, Quarry: Akkadian qarȗ, qariu, qerȗ meaning "query, inquire,  astrologer, astrology-divinations, fate" via Latin quaere “meaning to ask, to seek.” This is a diviner of fate-driving astrological motion powers as opposed to a diviner of inner emotion powers. The word “inquire” is from N.QR meaning “revelations of a query.” The two words were conflated around late Roman times.

8. Hollow, Hallow: Akkadian phrase Hu'u-Liwa meaning "astrological-owl love." These owls were omens of change because they influence the flow rate of life-powers through the life network. This owl connection is seen in Middle English of the late 1300's in the word holowen  meaning "to make hollow" because owls live in hollowed out tree trunks. The date of Oct. 31 is described as alle halwe eue or all hallow's eve by c. 1300 as in it was an omened day of change. "Hallow" became associated with "good omens" or "holy omens." Consequently the Christian church tried to coopt Halloween by associating it with the honoring holy persons or saints. Hallow-day for "All-Saints Day" is from 1590s.

Emotion/Motion Power Words From Akkadian

1. Ash: Akkadian aṣu and ašu meaning “expelled thing” via Middle English asshe, Old English æsce, Old High German asca, German asche, Middle Dutch asche, Gothic azgo "ashes." Fires expel ashes. The ash tree was the expeller tree due to its clumps of flying seeds. Because creation was thought to be the manifestation of invisible forms expelled by the divine realm, the ash tree was also the Yggdrasil creation tree of Norse myth. Christian Ash Wednesday is a time of expelling sinful behaviors prior to Easter.

2. Anger: Akkadian agȗ meaning "anger" via Old Norse angra and Old English enge meaning some "narrowly focused emotions"

3. Divine: Akkadian di’u meaning "divine" or "divine motion realm" as in all the spiritual powers behind all the change on earth via Latin divus "of a god”

4. Educate: Akkadian phrase ED.K or edu.ku meaning "motivate involvement." Source of the word “educate” via Latin educare where the last letters are linguistic endings.

5. Emotion: Akkadian imu meaning "emotion powers" via Latin emovere

6. Energy: Akkadian gi meaning "emotional energy" via Greek energeia and late Latin energia. Energy is the emotional source of motion as opposed to the night sky's motion powers (fate from planets, all other kinds from dark new moon god Su). This is manifested on earth as "breath" (night sky manifestations are "winds" like the "winds of fate.") The word “Work” (wer) is Indo-European. The word “energy” is a combination of Akkadian enu meaning reassign and gi meaning “energy.” Gi is linguistically the same as the eastern "Chi" indicating this word goes back to the hunter-gatherers.

7. Gas: either from Akkadian gešû, gašû meaning "belch" or gisȗ, gasu meaning a "spiritual blessing." Traditionally, thought to have been first used by Flemish chemist J.B. van Helmont (1577-1644) who defined it as: Hunc spiritum, incognitum hactenus, novo nomine gas voco ("This vapor, hitherto unknown, I call by a new name, 'gas.'") [Helmont, Ortus Medicinae]. A similar sounding word, khaos, was used by Swiss physician Paracelsus (1493-1541), who used khaos in an occult sense of "proper elements of spirits" or "ultra-rarified water."

8. Hazing: Akkadian ḥazu meaning “sigh” or “to make sigh.” Traditional  etymology has no information on this word.

9. Hound: Akkadian ḥanṭu, ḥamṭu meaning “quick, urgent-one” via Old Norse/Germanic conversion of /ṭ/ to /d/ as Old Saxon and Old Frisian hund, Old High German hunt, Old Norse hund.

10. Howl: Akkadian ḫawȗ meaning “to howl” as an emotional response. Earliest record related to English is 13th century Germanic houlen.

11. Lackey: Akkadian lakȗ meaning “emotionally-meek, weak-willed.” In traditional etymology this word’s origin is unknown. Originally a compound Akkadian word Lu.Ku meaning “Involving lack.” This refers to a lack of some emotion power. Lack of a life power is lu.

12. Magic: Akkadian mugu and magu meaning “magic” via Latin magus meaning “magical/emotional/spiritual healer.”

13. Mobilize: Akkadian mūbû meaning “mobilize” via Latin mobilis

14. Pray: Akkadian phrase PaRu-AYu meaning "To emotionally-coerce Ayu" in which Ayu is the goddess who directs the life powers to earth through the life network. Found in 1400's English as preien, meaning "to ask earnestly, beg (someone). This is actually the Akkadian phrase "To emotionally-coerce Ayu's reassignments" as in reassigning the network connections. Latin has precari meaning "to ask earnestly, beg, entreat." This is the Akkadian phrase "To emotionally-coerce involvement with the controllers (Su, Selene, Kate/Hekate)

15. Remonstrate: Akkadian ramû, remû meaning “emotional release” via Latin remonstrare meaning "to emotionally demonstrate"

16. Sad: Akkadian sādu, sêdu means "to care about." If you have to care about someone then something is wrong with them. The other sad meaning comes from Akkadian ṣadû, ṣâdu meaning "to feast" having the following lineage: Old English sæd "sated, full, having had one's fill (of food, drink, fighting, etc.), Old Norse saðr, Middle Dutch sat, Dutch zad, Old High German sat, German satt, Gothic saþs "satiated, sated, full."

17. Ugly: Akkadian ugu meaning “ugly” as in a “frightful appearance” enough to cause extreme fear as in “frightened to death” via Old Norse uggligr meaning "dreadful, fearful," and from uggr meaning "fear, apprehension, dread." Its meaning was softened to "very unpleasant to look at" during the late 1300’s.

Life-Power Words From Akkadian

1. Cinder: Akkadian phrase ŠN.TR šenû.taru meaning "ooze of transformation." These are the solid bits of fire emanations. Via Old English sinder "dross of iron, slag," Old Norse sindr, Middle Low German and Middle Dutch sinder, Dutch sintel, Old High German sintar, German Sinter). Conflated the Mediterranean lineage's Latin  cinerem (nominative cinis) "ashes," and Greek konis "dust." (Latin /c/ was initially pronounced more like a /k/) and later French cendre meaning "ashes," 

2. Elevate: Akkadian elȗ meaning "elevated powers" "high-life-powers" via Latin elevare

3. Game, Gamete: Akkadian phrase Gu.Mu meaning energizing the fertility-fluids. This phrase always had something to do with fun and sex. From Greek gamos "marriage," gamete "a wife," gametes "a husband, gamein "to take to wife, to marry. Also the seventh month of the ancient Attic calendar (corresponding to late January and early February) was Gamelion, "Month of Marriages." By 1200 CE Old English gamen "joy, fun; game, amusement," Old Norse gaman "game, sport; pleasure, amusement," Old Saxon gaman, Old High German gaman "sport, merriment," Danish gamen, Swedish gamman "merriment"), Gothic gaman "participation, communion."

4. Heal: Akkadian ḫelû meaning physical healing from the ancient life class of powers (not the emotion/motion class). It comes to English via Old Norse heila and Old Frisian hela. It is also an epithet for the sun god Hu which became “Helios” in Greek. Compare to Akkadian ASu which is celestial/astrological healing and MaGu which is magical or spiritual/emotional healing.

5. Lack: Akkadian la, lu via Old Norse lakr meaning “lacking.” This refers to a lack of some life power. Lack of emotion power is laku.

6. Lipid: Akkadian lēpu, līpu meaning “fat-of-the land.” Via Greek lipos meaning "fat" 

7. Mother, Mom, Ma: Akkadian ma meaning “fertility fluid provider.” "Mother" is a classic Indo-European word being found in Latin as māter, Greek mētēr, Sanskrit matar, Old Norse moðir. Yet all these are similar to Akkadian "ma." This similarity indicates that this word goes back farther then even Akkadian and Proto-Indo-European.

8. Naked: Akkadian nēku, niku  meaning illicit sex via Old English nacod, Old Frisian nakad, Middle Dutch naket, German nackt, Old Norse nökkviðr, Old Irish nocht, Welsh noeth. Not to be confused with "Nude" having a /d/ or /g/ which is Indo-European as evidenced by Old Church Slavonic nagu and Russian nagoi

9. Nature-Gifts, Nature: Akkadian nātu, naṭû, nêtu, nūtu. The mortal realm as defined by a place which gives birth via Old English hnutu, from Proto-Germanic *hnut, and from Latin natus meaning "birth." An example a natural birth is a “nut” which also derives from this word.“ Nature” from Akkadian naṭû (having letter theta) has the broader meaning represented by Latin natura which includes  a non-divine inherent character, constitution, and quality.

10. Pit: Akkadian patu, pitu meaning "pit." This is an epithet for both "grave" and "wellspring." The comes via Old English pytt (Kentish *pet) meaning "natural or man-made depression in the ground, water hole, well; grave," from Proto-Germanic *putt- "pool, puddle" (source also of Old Frisian pet, Old Saxon putti, Old Norse pyttr, Middle Dutch putte, Dutch put, Old High German pfuzza, German Pfütze "pool, puddle"), an early borrowing from Latin puteus meaning "well, pit, shaft."

11. Summer:  Akkadian ṣummu meaning “dehydration” and "dehydration time" via Old English sumor, Old Saxon, Old Norse, Old High German sumar, Old Frisian sumur, Old Irish sam. 

12. Tit: Akkadian tittu meaning "fruit" and "tit" via Proto-Germanic *titta and Old English titt. 

13. Turn, Trans: Akkadian târu meaning “to turn into” and “to trans” (to change the state of something):  via Latin tornare meaning “turn on a lathe,” Greek tornus meaning “lathe,” and Latin trans meaning “change state” as in the words transform and transport.

Descriptions of People

1. Brigands: Akkadian phrase BR.IG.ND meaning "seeing the eyes-of-fate's sheddings" via  from Old French brigand (14c.), Italian brigante "trooper, skirmisher, foot soldier," Latin brigare "to brawl, fight." The sense of "robber, freebooter, one who lives by pillaging" is early English (late 14c.), reflecting the lack of distinction between professional mercenary armies and armed, organized criminals. The "Eyes of fate" are the heavenly bodies.

2. Good: Akkadian banû meaning "good" via Latin bonus, source of Romance language’s bueno and bien meaning "good."

3. Liberty, Lord: Akkadian  lābu, lebu meaning "lord, landlord, lordship, liberty" as in to have liberty oneself and lord over others. The lion was the archetypal example of this power. Its howling was the prime example of “lording over” something. From Old French liberte "freedom, liberty, free will" via Latin libertatem (nominative libertas) "civil or political freedom, condition of a free man; absence of restraint; permission," from liber meaning "free." 

4. Man: Akkadian mȃnu meaning "supporter" via  from Old English man, Proto-Germanic *mann and Old Frisian mon. Traditionally, this word was thought to derive from proto-Indo-European but that is incorrect because that word has an MZ root as evidenced from Old Church Slavonic mozi and Russian muzh.

5. Pagan, Page, Pig: Akkadian pagu, pegu, pigu meaning "something incomplete." A medieval "page" is an incomplete knight. A paper "page" is a small incomplete book that is either from Latin pagella meaning "small page" or Latin pagina meaning "woman page." A Pagan is an incomplete human either being an ape or a rustic, uneducated country dweller. Latin pagos is an incomplete territory as described in Julius Ceaser's Gallic Wars 1.12.4: nam omnis civitas Helvetia in quattuor pagos divisa est ("for the Helvetian nation as a whole was divided into four cantons"). A pig is an incomplete animal which is not a proper hunter or grazer because it is a scavenger. From Middle English pigge "a pig" (mid-13c., late 12c. as a surname), probably from Old English *picg, found in compounds, https://www.etymonline.com/word/pig

6. Sin: Akkadian ṣinu, ṣēnu meaning “to sin” via the Greek translation of the Bible (Septuagint)

 Construction and Crafting Words

1. Equal: Akkadian eqȗ meaning "functional replacement" via Latin aequalis (uniform, identical, equal). Also seen in Old French as Old French egal.

2. Hit, Join: Akkadian ḥittu via Old English hyttan, hittan and Old Norse hitta. Originally having the broad meaning of "coming together" either socially or physically. An epithet which gave the Hittites their name. Also an epithet for the lintel of a doorway which is a head hitter.

3. Lid: Akkadian lâṭu, līṭu, lētu meaning “lid” via Old English hlid meaning "covering, opening, gate," from Proto-Germanic *hlidan "a cover," literally "that which bends over" (source also of Old Norse hlið "gate, gap," Swedish lid "gate," Old French hlid, Middle Dutch lit, Dutch lid, Old High German hlit "lid, cover")

4. Lay, Ley: Akkadian la’u, le’ȗ, lēyu meaning “lay, layout, plan, and fate" as in the “lay of the land” and the plan of fate. It comes via Old English leah "open field, meadow, piece of untilled grassy ground," earlier læch, preserved in place names, from Proto-Germanic *lauhaz (source also of Old High German loh "clearing," and probably also Flemish -loo, which forms the second element in Waterloo). 

5. Lute: Akkadian luṭu (luth). Stringed musical instrument also meaning "harmony" and "harmony-maker." Traditional etymology only goes back to 1200’s Old French lut, leut (Modern luth)

6. Mold, Made (Make): Akaddian medû, madû, mudû meaning “molder” and maker. The word “Mold” derives from Old French modle which in turn derives from Latin modulum  meaning ”model” as in “the reference against which things are measured."  The words “Made” and “Make” derive from Old English macod (Akkadian sourced) and macian (Indo-European sourced). Other examples are Old Saxon makon, Old Frisian makia "to build, make," Middle Dutch and Dutch maken, and German machen. 

7. Sack: Akkadian saku meaning “cloth pounder” or “cloth sacker” which was a process to fluff and fill out cloth. From Latin saccus and secondarily Old Norse sekkr.

8. Size: [Akkadian šizu] meaning size and measurements via Celtic. First found in Old English around 1300 and just prior to that in Old French as sise.

9. Tease: Akkadian taṣû meaning “to tease or push apart” via Old English tæsan "pluck, pull, tear; pull apart, comb" (fibers of wool, flax, etc.) and from Proto-Germanic *taisijan. Originally, to "tease" someone was to straighten them out.

Other Words From Akkadian

1. Atlantis, Atlantic: Akkadian phrase A.TL.NT.IK meaning (Place) "Resulting in mounds for nature's irrigation" via Latin atlanticus and Greek atlantikos. "Mounds" seems to be a reference to waves. In Plato's Timaeus (360 BCE) which started the legend of Atlantis it is Ἀτλαντὶς νῆσος or "Atlantis Nesos" or "Atlantis the distant" where "nesu" is an Akkadian word meaning "distant" suggesting that "atlantic" originally referred to any wavy body of water.

2. Quit: Akkadian qatû meaning "to quite or to end" via Latin quietus meaning to end or be free of debt.

3. Same: Akkadian ša, še, ši meaning “to be the same” via Old Norse samr

4. Super: Akkadian šūpu, šāpu meaning “to amplify” and ”to make super” via Latin prefix super- which is analogous to Greek hyper-

(June 29, 2023, updated April 8, 2025) Linguistic scholar's of the past divided Europe into 3 parts based upon language:

1. Norse/Germanic
2. Celtic
3. Slavonic

Today we know that these language differences arose from each having different mixing ratios and mixing histories between Indo-European and Neolithic farmer Akkadian. The Celtic languages are further divided into Goidelic or Gaelic (Irish, Manx and Scottish) and Brythonic (Welsh, Cornish and Breton). The Brythonic languages have more Latin influences than Gaelic. English was also a late developing language resulting mostly from later Germanic/Norse (Frisian, Anglo-Saxon) being mixed with Norman (Norse, French). 

Welsh stabilized as a language only after the Roman Christian Normans conquered the region and were able to suppressed Druid Akkadian. Only then did the locally spoken folk language of old Welsh start to be written and be standardized by the bards. (In the same way English was standardized by the King James Bible and Shakespeare)

The deities and other characters of these bardic tales were either invented by the bards or they adopted them from the the existing folk-religion phrases. All of them refer back to ancient Druid cultures. In either case their bardic mentions are the first time they appear in history.

Some Brythonic Celtic Deities and Spiritual Concepts Derived From Druid Akkadian Phrases

-n is an Akkadian noun suffix indicating that the a person's divine powers are meant instead of the persona. When used by itself it also mean "form revelations." So when /n/ is found on the end of modern words it can often be interpreted both ways unless the word ends in a double /n/ like Rhiannon.

1. Rhiannon = RY.N which means "Shepherd's Revelations" in which shepherd is the Druid Akkadian epithet for a magic crafter, that is, one who works with motion powers. Shepherds are the witches, wizards, and shamans. Rhiannon represents their powers of revelations and divination.

2. Taliesin = T.LY.S which means "Astrology-Magic's Plans from The-Woman" in which "The Woman" is  an epithet for celestial light goddess Selu (Selene) who is the feminine magical motion source power. The magic-crafter Ceridwin hires the boy Taliesin to keep a magical cauldron boiling. The potion being boiled was going to be given to her son to give him her powers of wisdom and enlightenment but Taliesin accidentally drinks some instead. This causes him to become a famous bard and the patron power behind all bards.

3. Annwn = AN.NW  which means "Considerations of Abandonment" =  Considerations are focused emotions and are central to emotion magic crafting. 

4. Mabinogi = MB.IN.G which means "Mobilizing.Moon-eye's.Energy" in which the "moon eye" is the dark new moon god and eye-pupil god Su.  

5. Arianrhod = AR.IN.RḪ.D  which means "Controlling Moon-eye's Anointing of Manifestations" in which the Moon-eye is the dark new moon god Su.  Arianhod is the concept in which the motion powers authorize the manifestation of life powers.

6. Ceridwin,  Cyrrdven, but most properly  Kerdwin or = K.RD.UY which means (one who) "Involves the drivers with curses" in which the drivers are the motion powers. So she was an evil witch character.