(April 5, 2025) Above is the new paradigm timeline of European history with the paradigm revolutions in red. The traditional timeline below. While the traditional timeline is descriptive it not very insightful in regards to historical causes. It is also overly biased towards the Roman and Hellenistic empires. The translation of runic texts has pushed history further back in time to about 1900 BCE, way before the empires, which makes clear that the traditional timeline is inadequate